Injection Water Production Sytem Me Heat Exchanger

wehewehe huahana

ʻO ka wai injection ka hoʻomākaukau sterile i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mākaukau sterile.Ua hoʻoponopono paʻa ʻia nā koi o ka maikaʻi no ka wai injection i nā pharmacopoeias.Ma waho aʻe o nā mea nānā maʻamau no ka wai distilled, e like me ka acidity, chloride, sulfate, calcium, ammonium, carbon dioxide, nā mea maʻalahi oxidizable, nā mea non-volatile, a me nā metala kaumaha, pono ia e hele i ka hoʻokolohua pyrogen.Hōʻike maopopo ʻo GMP i ka hoʻomākaukau, mālama ʻana, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a me ka wai injection e pale i ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o nā microorganism.ʻO nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā pahu pahu a me nā paipu e pono ʻole ke ʻawaʻawa a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.

ʻO nā koi kūpono no nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai injection penei:

Hoʻohana ʻia ka wai injection ma ke ʻano he solvent no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā hopena injection a me nā mea holoi holoi sterile, a i ʻole no ka holoi ʻana i nā hue (holoi pololei), ka holoi hope ʻana o nā pani pani, ka hana mahu maʻemaʻe, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka pauka sterile, infusions, wai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe No ka mea ua hoʻokomo pololei ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i loko o ke kino ma o ka ʻiʻo a i ʻole ka hoʻokele intravenous, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koi o ka maikaʻi a pono e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā injections like ʻole e pili ana i ka sterility, ka nele o nā pyrogens, clarity, conductivity uila. > 1MΩ/cm, endotoxin bacteria <0.25EU/ml, a me ka helu helu microbial <50CFU/ml.

Pono nā kūlana wai ʻē aʻe e kūpono i nā hōʻailona kemika o ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a loaʻa ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa (pae ppb).Hiki ke nānā pono ʻia kēia ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe carbon organik kūikawā, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka wai injection a i ʻole pipeline hoʻihoʻi i ka manawa like e nānā i ka conductivity uila a me nā waiwai wela.Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi o ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, pono e loaʻa i ka wai injection ka helu bacterial o <50CFU/ml a hele i ka hoʻāʻo pyrogen.

Wahi a nā lula GMP, pono ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a me nā ʻōnaehana wai injection i ka hōʻoia GMP ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.Inā pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka huahana, pono ia e hoʻokō me nā koi e pili ana i ka USP, FDA, cGMP, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. GMP a me nā hopena o nā ʻano hana lapaʻau like ʻole no ka wehe ʻana i nā haumia i loko o ka wai e like me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā alakaʻi hoʻokō GMP Kina.ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau, mālama ʻana, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wai injection e pale i ka hoʻonui a me ka haumia o nā microorganism.ʻO nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā pahu pahu a me nā paipu e pono ʻole ke ʻawaʻawa a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.ʻO ka hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻokomoʻana i nā paipu e pale i nā hopena make a me nā paipu makapō.Pono e hoʻokumu ʻia nā pōʻai hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka sterilization no nā pahu mālama a me nā paipu.Pono e hoʻokomo ʻia ke awa hoʻoheheʻe o ka pahu mālama wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi kānana bactericidal hydrophobic ʻaʻole e hoʻokahe i nā fibers.Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka wai injection me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka insulation wela ma luna o 80 ℃, ke kahe o ka mahana ma luna o 65 ℃, a i ʻole ka waiho ʻana ma lalo o 4 ℃.

ʻO nā paipu i hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua no ka wai injection e hoʻohana maʻamau i nā plastic engineering ABS a i ʻole PVC, PPR, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kūpono ʻē aʻe.Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻohana ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha o ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a me ka wai injection e pili ana i nā mea pipeline kūpono no ka disinfection kemika, pasteurization, sterilization wela, etc., e like me PVDF, ABS, PPR, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kila kila, ʻoi aku ka ʻano 316L.ʻO ke kila kila he hua'ōlelo maʻamau, ma ka'ōlelo kūpono, ua māheleʻia i ke kila kila a me ke kila waikawa.ʻO ke kila kila kekahi ʻano kila i kū ʻole i ka ʻino e nā media nāwaliwali e like me ka ea, ka mahu, a me ka wai, akā ʻaʻole kū i ka pala e nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika e like me nā ʻakika, alkalis, a me nā paʻakai, a he mau waiwai koʻikoʻi.

(I) ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka wai injection Eia kekahi, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka mana o ka wikiwiki o ke kahe ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganism i loko o ka paipu.Ke piʻi ka helu Reynolds Re i 10,000 a hoʻokumu i kahi kahe paʻa, hiki iā ia ke hana pono i nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole no ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganism.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, inā ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia nā kikoʻī o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana wai a me ka hana ʻana, e hopena i ka holo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa, nā paia paipu ʻino, a i ʻole nā ​​paipu makapō i ka pipeline, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiwi kūpono ʻole, etc. hilinaʻi i nā kūlana pahuhopu i hana ʻia e kēia e kūkulu i ko lākou ʻāina hānau ponoʻī - biofilm, e lawe mai i nā pilikia a me nā pilikia i ka hana a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā o ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā ʻōnaehana wai injection.

(II) Nā koi kumu no nā ʻōnaehana wai hoʻokele

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana wai injection me nā lako mālama wai, nā lako mālama, nā pamu hoʻohele, a me nā paipu.Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai i waho o ka wai maka a me nā kumu o waho.ʻO ka pollution wai maka ke kumu nui o waho o ka haumia no nā ʻōnaehana mālama wai.ʻO ka US Pharmacopeia, European Pharmacopeia, a me Chinese Pharmacopeia e koi pono i ka wai maka no ka wai lāʻau lapaʻau e kūpono i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka wai inu.Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia ke kūlana wai inu, pono e lawe ʻia nā ʻano hana mua.No ka mea he hōʻailona ʻo Escherichia coli no ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka wai, aia nā koi maopopo no ka Escherichia coli i ka wai inu ma ka honua.ʻAʻole puʻunaue ʻia nā maʻi bacteria ʻē aʻe a hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā maʻamau ma ke ʻano he "helu huakini holoʻokoʻa".Hoʻopuka ʻo Kina i ka palena o 100 bacteria/ml no ka helu ʻana o ka bacteria, e hōʻike ana aia ka microbial contamination i loko o ka wai maka e kū ana i ke kūlana wai inu, a ʻo ka bacteria contaminant nui e hoʻopilikia i nā ʻōnaehana mālama wai ʻo ia ka Gram-negative bacteria.ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe e like me nā awa puka ʻole i pale ʻole ʻia ma nā pahu mālama a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kānana kinoea haʻahaʻa, a i ʻole ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka wai mai nā puka i hoʻohaumia ʻia, hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i waho.

Eia kekahi, aia ka haumia o loko i ka wā o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana mālama wai.ʻO ka hoʻohaumia i loko e pili pono i ka hoʻolālā, ke koho ʻana i nā mea, ka hana, ka mālama ʻana, ka mālama ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana wai.Hiki ke lilo nā mea hana wai like ʻole i nā kumu o loko o ka microbial contamination, e like me nā microorganisms i loko o ka wai maka e hoʻopili ʻia ma nā ʻili o ke kalapona i hoʻōla ʻia, nā resins exchange ion, nā membrane ultrafiltration, a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe, e hana ana i nā biofilms.Mālama ʻia nā microorganism e noho ana i loko o nā biofilms e nā biofilms a ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā disinfectants.Aia kekahi kumu hoʻohaumia ma ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha.Hiki i nā microorganism ke hana i nā kolone ma ka ʻili o nā paipu, nā ʻili, a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe a hoʻonui i laila, e hana ana i nā biofilms, a laila e lilo i kumu hoʻomau o ka haumia.No laila, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o kekahi mau hui haole no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana wai.

(III) Nā ʻano hana o nā ʻōnaehana wai hoʻoheheʻe

Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau a me ka disinfection o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha pipeline, ʻelua mau ʻano hana no ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā ʻōnaehana wai injection.ʻO kekahi ka hana pūʻulu, kahi e hana ʻia ai ka wai i nā pūʻulu, e like me nā huahana.ʻO ka hana "batch" ka mea nui no ka noʻonoʻo palekana, no ka mea hiki i kēia ʻano ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi nui o ka wai i ka wā hoʻāʻo a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻāʻo.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe he hana mau, ʻike ʻia ʻo "ka hana mau", kahi e hiki ai ke hana ʻia ka wai i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai.

IV) Hoʻoponopono i kēlā me kēia lā o ka ʻōnaehana wai injection ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā o ka ʻōnaehana wai, me ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana, he mea nui loa ia no ka hōʻoia a me ka hoʻohana maʻamau.No laila, pono e hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hoʻolālā mālama a me ka pale ʻana e hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana wai.Aia kēia mau mea i loko:

Nā kaʻina hana a me ka mālama ʻana no ka ʻōnaehana wai;
Hoʻolālā ka nānā ʻana no nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka wai a me nā ʻāpana hana, me ka calibration o nā mea hana kī;
Hoʻolālā disinfection/sterilization mau;
Hoʻolālā mālama pale no nā mea hana wai;
Nā ʻano hoʻokele no nā lako mālama wai koʻikoʻi (me nā ʻāpana nui), nā ʻōnaehana hoʻohele pipeline, a me nā kūlana hana.

Nā mea e pono ai no nā lako hana mua:

Pono e hoʻolako ʻia nā lako hana mua no ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e like me ka maikaʻi o ka wai o ka wai maka, a ʻo ke koi e hoʻokō mua i ke kūlana wai inu.
Hiki i nā kānana multi-media a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ke hana i ka holoi ʻana i hope, hana hou, a me ka hoʻokuʻu.
ʻO nā kānana kalapona hoʻāla ʻia nā wahi e hōʻiliʻili ai nā mea olaola.I mea e pale aku ai i ka maʻi maʻi a me ka bacterial endotoxin contamination, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke koi o ka holoi ʻana i hope, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka disinfection mahu.
No ka mea ʻo ka ikaika o 255 nm ka lōʻihi nalu o ke kukui UV i hoʻoiho ʻia e UV e like me ka manawa, pono nā mea kani me ka manawa hoʻopaʻa a me nā mika ikaika.Pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kila kila 316L, a ʻo ka uhi kukui quartz e hiki ke wehe.
ʻO ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma hope o ka hele ʻana i loko o ka deionizer moe hui pū ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i ka maikaʻi o ka wai.Eia naʻe, hiki i ka deionizer moe hui ke wehe wale i nā cations a me nā anion mai ka wai, a ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka wehe ʻana i nā endotoxins.

ʻO nā koi no ka hana ʻana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe (mahana maʻemaʻe) mai nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai: Hiki ke loaʻa ka wai injection ma o ka distillation, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, etc.

Ua ʻōlelo ka United States Pharmacopeia (24th edition) "pono ​​e loaʻa ka wai injection ma ka distillation a i ʻole reverse osmosis hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka wai e kū ana i nā koi o ka American Water and Environmental Protection Association, ka European Union, a i ʻole nā ​​koi kānāwai o Iapana."
Ua ʻōlelo ka European Pharmacopeia (1997 edition) "ua loaʻa ka wai injection ma o ka distillation kūpono o ka wai i kūpono i nā kūlana kānāwai no ka wai inu a i ʻole ka wai maʻemaʻe."
Ua ʻōlelo ka Chinese Pharmacopeia (2000 edition) "ʻo kēia huahana (wai injection) ka wai i loaʻa ma ka distillation o ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe."Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe i loaʻa ma ka distillation ʻo ia ke ala i ʻike ʻia ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa no ka hana ʻana i ka wai injection, ʻoiai hiki ke loaʻa ka mahu maʻemaʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mīkini wai distillation hoʻokahi a i ʻole kahi mea hana mahu maʻemaʻe.

He hopena maikaʻi ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka distillation i nā mea ola a me nā mea ʻole, me nā mea paʻa paʻa, colloids, bacteria, virus, endotoxins, a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai maka.ʻO ke ʻano, ka hana, nā mea metala, nā ʻano hana, a me ka maikaʻi o ka wai maka o ka mīkini wai distillation e pili i ka maikaʻi o ka wai injection.ʻO ka "multi-effect" o ka mīkini wai distillation multi-effect e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, kahi hiki ke hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ikehu wela.ʻO ka mea nui no ka wehe ʻana i nā endotoxins i loko o ka mīkini wai distillation ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokaʻawale wai-wai.